In 1998, to remedy this, Philips established the High Tech Campus to act as a single location for all its national R&D activities. This approach proved highly successful. The atmosphere of openness and the concentration of high-end knowledge and facilities produced considerable interaction between the researchers. Knowledge sharing and mutual inspiration generated a definite boost for the innovative capacity of the organisation. To further accelerate this process, Philips decided in 2003 to open up the Campus to other technological companies. The result was massive growth.